2012gre写作模板:GRE作文范文大全(32)
There are two additional compelling arguments against the speaker's contention. First,
parents are too subjective to always know what is truly best for their children. For example,
many parents try to overcome their own shortcomings and failed self-expectations vicariously
through their children's accomplishments. Most of us have known parents who push their child
to excel in certain areas--to the emotional and psychological detriment of the child. Secondly, if
too many parties become involved in making decisions about day-to-day instruction, the end
result might be infighting, legal battles, boycotts, and other protests, all of which impede the
76
educational process; and the ultimate victims are the children themselves. Finally, in many
jurisdictions parents now have the option of schooling their children at home, as long as certain
state requirements are met. In my observation, home schooling allows parents who prefer it
great control over a child's education, while allowing the professional educators to discharge
their responsibilities as effectively as possible--unfettered by gadfly parents who constantly
interfere and intervene.In sum, while parents might seem better able and better motivated to make key decisions
about their child's education, in many cases they are not. With the possible exceptions of
responsible home-schoolers, a child's intellectual, social, and psychological development is at
risk when communities of parents dominate the decision-making process involving education.
Issue 69
"There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is
always guided by the observer's expectations or desires."
The speaker claims that all observation is subjective--colored by desire and expectation.
While it would be tempting to concede that we all see things differently, careful scrutiny of the
speaker's claim reveals that it confuses observation with interpretation. In fact, in the end the
speaker's claim relies entirely on the further claim that there is no such thing as truth and that
we cannot truly know anything. While this notion might appeal to certain existentialists and
epistemologists, it runs against the grain of all scientific discovery and knowledge gained over
the last 500 years.
It would be tempting to afford the speaker's daim greater merit than it deserves. After all, our
everyday experience as humans informs us that we often disagree about what we observe
around us. We've all uttered and heard uttered many times the phase "That's not the way I see
it!" Indeed, everyday observations--for example, about whether a football player was out of
bounds, or about which car involved in an accident ran the red light--vary depending not only
on one's spatial perspective but also on one's expectations or desires. If I'm rooting for one
football team, or if the player is well-known for his ability to make great plays while barely
staying in bounds, my desires or expectations might influence what I think I observe. Or if I am
driving one of the cars in the accident, or if one car is a souped-up sports car, then my desires
or expectations will in all likelihood color my perception of the accident's events.
However, these sorts of subjective "observations" are actually subjective "interpretations'' of
what we observe. Visitors to an art museum might disagree about the beauty of a particular
work, or even about which color predominates in that work. In a court trial several jurors might
view the same videotape evidence many times, yet some jurors might "observe" an incident of
police brutality, will others "observe" the appropriate use of force to restrain a dangerous
individual. Thus when it comes to making judgments about what we observe and about
remembering what we observe, each person's individual perspective, values, and even
emotions help form these judgments and recollections. It is crucial to distinguish between
interpretations such as these and observation, which is nothing more than a sensory
experience. Given the same spatial perspective and sensory acuity and awareness, it seems
to me that our observations would all be essentially in accord--that is, observation can be
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