2013gre作文考试备考:论证方法之类比论证法

  类比论证法

  用我们已知的、熟悉的事物同未知的。不熟悉的事物加以比较,并用前者的情况解释者 的情况。分为三种:纵向类比(过去的事物同现在的、同一类事物的类比)、横向类比(同一 时期、同一事物之间的类比)、比喻式类比(不同类别事物之间的类比)。例如:

    1.纵向类比(Historical analogy)

  论点:Many people will die of SARS.

  论据:Many people died of the Black Death.

  推理依据:SARS and Black Death are similar.

    2.横向类比(Literal analogy)

  论点:China should have its fighter carriers.

  论据:A neighboring country has a powerful carrier fleet.

  推理依据:The two countries are similar enough to draw such a comparison.

    3.比喻式类比(Metaphorical analogy)

  论点:Reading a difficult book should take time.

  论据:Digesting a large metal takes time.

  推理依据:Reading and eating are sufficiently alike to be compared.

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