3.The following appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city of Megalopolis.
"In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms declined by 15 percent over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work."
A、去大公司的人数下降并不一定说明毕业生不想去大公司，可能是由于应届毕业生的总人数下降了。
B、调查的范围(spectrum)太小了，仅仅调查了在顶尖法律学校的一年级学生，这样的样本并不能够代表整个法律学校的学生，另外，样本选择的随机性是否得到保证作者也没有给出相应的证明。
C、作者错误地假设了只要大公司向毕业生提供更多的薪水，一个更短的工作时间，就能够让学生感受到更好的工作满足感(job satisfaction)，工作满足感还和其他很多因素有关，例如办公地点的环境，办公地点里员工家庭住址的距离等。
4.The following was posted on an Internet real estate discussion site.
"Of the two leading real estate firms in our town-Adams Realty and Fitch Realty-Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams' revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitch's $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams."
A、F公司有25名员工，很多员工是兼职，而A公司有40名员工，这并不能说明A公司要比F公司好。F公司的25名员工，虽然其中很多是兼职，但是他们可能工作的经历更长，经验更丰富，工作效率更高。
B、两家公司的平均房屋销售价并不一定存在可比性，因为两家公司可能卖的房屋的类型不一样，可能A公司卖中、大型商品房，而F公司卖小型商品房，这样A公司的平均价格自然要比F公司高。
C、A公司卖房子比F公司快，并不一定说明A公司的销售能力就要比F公司好，因为两间房子并不是一样的，可能一间房子好一些，而另一间相对要差一些，地理位置因素，房屋结构，新旧等。
D、即使说明A公司的销售能力比F公司好，那也是十年前的F公司和去年的A公司，都不能够代表现在的两家公司。因为随着时间变化，两家公司都可能会产生很大的变化。即使现在A公司仍然要比F公司的销售能力好，那也只能说明销售作者的那两套房子上的能力不同，并不一定能够代表两家公司其他方面的销售能力。
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