GRE，全称Graduate Record Examination，中文名称为美国研究生入学考试，适用于除法律与商业外的各专业。由美国教育考试服务处(Educational Testing Service，简称ETS)主办，GRE是美国、加拿大的大学各类研究生院（除管理类学院，法学院）要求申请者所必须具备的一个考试成绩，也是教授对申请者是否授予奖学金所依据的最重要的标准。 另有，Generic Routing Encapsulation（通用路由封装）也简称GRE。
184."Itisagravemistaketotheorizebeforeonehasdata."

在掌握足够资料之前建立理论会导致严重的错误。

1.Atheoryconjuredupwithoutthebenefitofdataamountstolittlemorethanthetheorist’shopesanddesires—whatheorshewantstobetrueandnotbetrue.
2.Bytheorizingbeforecollectingdatathetheoristalsorunsthatriskofinterpretingthatdatainamannerwhichmakesitappeartolendmorecredencetothetheorythanitactuallydoes.
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186."Practicalityisnowourgreatidol,whichallpowersandtalentsmustserve.Anythingthatisnotobviouslypracticalhaslittlevalueintoday’sworld."

实用主义是我们现在主要的追求，一切的力量和才智都必须为其服务。任何并非显著实用的东西在当今世界几乎是没有价值的。

1.Practicalityseemsclearlytobethelitmustestforeducationtoday.
2.Practicalityalsodictateswhatsortofartisproducedtoday.
3.Practicalityisalsotheoverridingconcernincontemporarypolitics.
4.Ontheotherhand,theclaimamountstoanoverstatementwhenitcomestotoday’sscientificendeavors.
当务之急和长远大计的关系
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187."Itiseasytowelcomeinnovationandacceptnewideas.Whatmostpeoplefinddifficult,however,isacceptingthewaythesenewideasareputintopractice."

拥护革新和接受新想法很简单。但是在大多数人们看来，最困难的是接受把这些新想法付诸实现的方式。

1.Inareasofpoliticsandlaw,newideasarenotofteneasilyaccepted.
2.Yetoncesocietygrowstoacceptthesenewideas,itseemsthatithasaneasiertimeacceptinghowtheyareputintopractice.
3.Incontrast,considerinnovationsinthenaturalsciences.Itseemsthatweuniversallyembraceanynewtechnologyinthenameofprogress.Ofcoursetherearealwaysinformeddissenterswithlegitimateconcerns.
4.Yetthereasonswhythesedissentersopposecertaininnovationshavetodowiththeirpotentialapplicationsanduses,notwiththeinnovationsthemselves.
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