历史和文化
　　(26历史遗址是否要让位于现代建设?)
　　//凯旋门(法国)：triumphal arch;故宫：SummerPalace;英国伦敦议会大厦顶的大钟：Big Ben Great wall Pyramid
　　提纲小结：
　　尊重历史：
　　1、历史遗迹即使不再有使用价值，但他们还具有其历史意义，是国家历史的见证。破坏历史遗迹代表忘记国家历史。
　　represents a bygoneera, municipal structure, significant historical figure, location of animportant historical event
　　历史建筑本身有审美价值 the aesthetic and architectural value of the building itself ,但是要懂得鉴别 it is difficult to quantifyaesthetic value and weigh it against utilitarian considerations
　　有些建筑as aresult of古人精湛的手工艺unparalleledcraftsmanship ,现在的技术反而很难做到了.
　　Evenretrofitting the building to accommodate current needs mightundermine its aesthetic as well as historic value
　　2、历史遗迹和现代建设并不冲突。为了一时建设需要损害历史遗迹是短视的行为，这样反而会损害经济发展。
　　提倡现代：
　　3、过去的建筑并不全都有保留价值。尤其是一些建筑年久失修，又没有特色，就可以拆除。if the building's history is anunremarkable one, then the historic value of the building might pale in comparison to the value of a newstructure that meets a compelling practical need.
　　consider the community's currentand anticipated utilitarian needs
　　比如急需土地建医院,公园,有些老房子可以拆掉 take precedence over=overweight
　　个人和集体
　　(48个人和集体在历史中的角色?)
　　//bruno、einstein、darwin、newton
　　//贝多芬的音乐。十日谈。
　　//种族歧视。重要战役的胜利。For example, the abolition war of America, although without Lincoln
　　, this war would happen in the endbecause of the great conflicts between north and south. However, Lincoln accelerated thisprocess greatly -- his efforts on requiring congress to pass liberate billsmakes the corruption of slavery much fast, and eventually it result in theindependence of the south. In fact, in some studies, some researchers believedthat without Lincoln,the process of abolishing slavery in American will delay for more than twentyyears. So it makes great sense to put our focus on Lincoln rather than otherpeople -- say, a deforest worker in Seattlefor example. Great history individuals -- currently known as famous few --indeed made the history quite different. In such cases in whic