gre考试专家解读阅读难点(5)

2013-03-09 16:02:13 gre阅读

  41. but achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and nonliving matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other—an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly. (4)

  译文: 但是,要想沿着原生和非原生物质之间的界面获取生理特性的必要匹配,需要某种知识,即什么样的分子控制着细胞彼此间的结合——而对这一领域,我们尚未进行充分的探索。

  难句类型: 复杂修饰

  解释: 本句这样的复杂修饰和插入语的作用差不多;主语achieving necessary matches之后的修饰成分in physical properties across interfaces between living and nonliving matter把主语和谓语requires分开。值得注意的是修饰宾主的of which molecules 中的which在此不是定语从句的引导词,而是一个形容词,意思是哪个。

  意群训练: but achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and nonliving matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other—an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly.

  42. islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law—notwithstanding,of course,a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactments are concerned—that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena. (5)

  译文: 伊斯兰法是一种如此不同于所有其它法律形式的现象——毋庸置疑,尽管就其主要内容和有积极意义的法规而言,与其它法律形式中的这种或那种形式存在着相当数量的且不可避免的巧合相似之处——以致于对它进行研究便显得不可或缺,以便充分理解有可能存在的法律现象的全部范围。

   难句类型: 复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词

  解释: 这是一个被gre考生尊称为no.题三大难文章之一的伊斯兰法中的臭名昭著的句子。本句插入语前后都不难,关键是如何对待这段插入语。

  首先,插入语很长,在原文中有四行。笔者在前面不只一次提醒读者,三行心目的插入语必须跳过,看懂前后的内容再回头来看插入语。插入语难懂的第一个原因是其中混有大量的抽象词和法律术语;还有一个重要原因,那就是它其实不是一个完整的句子。把插入语中所有的修饰成分扒光,只剩下一个单词:coincidences,而主语和谓语it has则被作者省略。

  不管从哪个角度上来看,这句话中的那个插入语都极像是ets布下的一个陷阱:首先,插入语的内容对理解文章毫无作用;其次,考试中对插入语也出题;第三,其实这句话中的插入语根本不必读。也可以根据插入语前后的内容用合理化原则的取非读法猜出其意思。插入语前后的内容是伊斯兰法与其他法律不同,插入部分以notwithstanding开关,又有of course,可见插入部分一定是让步证据,因此可以对前后的内容取非,猜出插入部分一定是在说伊斯兰法与其他法律有相同之处。

  句末的in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena中,包含一个倒装;正常语序的appreciate the full range of possible legal phenomena adequately中的副词adequately被提到appreciate的宾语之前。

  islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law-notwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned-that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena.

  43. (both jewish law and canon law are more uniform than islamic law.)though historically there is a discernible break between jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient israel and of the diaspora (the dispersion of jewish people after the conquest of israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the old testament is very close to that of the talmud, one of the primary codifications of jewish law in the diaspora. (5)

  译文: 尽管从历史角度来看,在古代以色列作为独立主权国家的犹太教法与大流散时期(diaspora,即以色列被征服后古代犹太人被巴比伦人逐出故土)的犹太教法之间存在着一个明晰可辨的断裂,然则,《旧约全书》(old testament)后半部分中法律内容的精神与《犹太教法典》(talmud)极为一脉相承,而所谓的《犹太教法典》,是指大流散时期犹太教法的主要典籍辑录之一。

  难句类型: 复杂修饰、插入语、省略、专有名词

  解释: 本句与上一句同来自于同一篇文章,本文的主题是伊斯兰法,但作者反复用犹太法来吓唬读者,同样ets也未就此句话出题。

  这句话难读是因为两个原因:第一、作者在between jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient israel and of the diaspora一句中的and之后省略了jewish law,使人看到of the diaspora ancient israel and of the diaspora一句中的and之后省略了jewish law,使人看到of the diaspora时搞不清楚在什么与什么之间;第二个难懂的原因,是文中出现了大量的专有名词、法律术语和历史背景。其实读者除了israel 和jewish两个单词有必要也有可能认识之外,其他单词既不需要了解也无法了解,像什么diaspora(大流散时期)、old testament(旧约全书)、talmud(犹太教法典)等奇怪名词,在非宗教国家的考生的大脑中,一点概念都没有,更不要说其英语的表达了。那么 ets的出题者在阅读文章中搞出这种东西来,不是有意违背公平出题原则之嫌了吗?

  其实出题者也并没有要求读者把这些内容搞清,只需知道前面那句话是一个判断句,说犹太法和伊斯兰法一致,后面这句话是对上面一句话的解释,因此肯定也在说它一致。再看第二句话的结构,上来就是一个用though表示的让步语气,我们可以看出在一个break between,那么逗号后就应该是省略了but的转折语气,该说没有break between,果然我们看到了very close to 的字样。我们也知道,既有让步又有转折时,作者强调转折之后的内容。所以这句话仍是在说犹太法一致。

  意群训练: both jewish law and canon law are more uniform than islamic law(这是作者加的便于理解的话). though historically there is a discernible break between jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient israel and of the diaspora(the dispersion of jewish people after the conquest of israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the old testament is very close to that of the talmud, one of the primary codifications of jewish law in the diaspora.

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